Nowadays, from one hand multimedia authentication techniques are widely used to achieve trustworthiness, on the other hand, due to the rapid growth of image processing software technologies, having a secure method to protect the copyright of these data seems fairly essential. Multipurpose Watermarking emerged in order to simultaneously accomplish multimedia authentication and copyright protection. In this paper, we propose a Multipurpose Watermarking method which achieves perfect security, the ability to detect tampered areas of the watermarked image as well as a lower BER rate, at the cost of reducing capacity by half compared with previous works. This Watermarking scheme is blind in the sense that on the receiver side, neither the original host image nor the embedded watermark is needed for ownership watermark extraction or tamper detection. Experimental results show that our method is able to reconstruct extracted tampered watermarks even after various attacks such as JPEG compression, average  ltering, gamma correction, median  ltering, speckle noise, sharpening, and Wiener  ltering. Comparisons are provided with other Multipurpose Watermarking methods which primarily aim at simultaneous goals of copyright protection and authentication. We also show the superiority of our proposed method to three Watermarking methods attaining these objectives on a one-goal-at-a-time basis.

(A) Aromatic nitrations by tetranitromethane are revealed to be photo chemically offered and are supposed to progress via trinitromethyl nitrite [8].

System dynamics, a feedback - based object - oriented simulation approach, not only represents complex dynamic systemic systems in a realistic way but also allows the involvement of end users in model development to increase their confidence in modeling process. The increased speed of model development, the possibility of group model development, the effective communication of model results, and the trust developed in the model due to user participation are the main strengths of this approach. The ease of model modification in response to changes in the system and the ability to perform sensitivity analysis make this approach more attractive compared with systems analysis techniques for modeling water management systems. In this study, a system dynamics model was developed for the Zayandehrud basin in central Iran. This model contains river basin, dam reservoir, plains, irrigation systems, and groundwater. Current operation rule is conjunctive use of ground and surface water. Allocation factor for each irrigation system is computed based on the feedback from groundwater storage in its zone. Deficit water is extracted from groundwater. The results show that applying better rules can not only satisfy all demands such as Gaw khuni swamp environmental demand, but it can also prevent groundwater level drawdown in future.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of scotchbond Multipurpose plus (SBMPP) in comparrison to that of vitrebond on transverse and diametral tensile strength of set amalgam.A total of 60 specimens were selected and divided into two groups (with 30 cases for transverse test and 30 for diametral tensile test). Each groups were then divided into 3 subgroups as: control - vitrebond and SBMPP. Prepared specimens were then filled with amalgam (Luxalloy) in two fgrms using Teflon molds. All samples were tested by Zuick testing machine 1494 at 0.5 mm/min speed. Results indicated that specimens lined with SBMPP and Vitrebond had significantly lower transverse and diametral tensile strength than unlined specimens (p<0.05). Transverse strength of lined specimens with Vitrebond was significantly lower than specimens lined with SBMPP (p<0.01).In conclusion: Incorporation of adhesive resin liners within the body of amalgam can affect the mechanical properties of amalgam.

“ Green chemistry” is an important term in modern day chemical research is the chemistry which deals with the production of desired product by minimizing the application and production of hazardous substances. Catalysis is a paramount important component of green chemistry; therefore, it has become an important challenge for the chemists throughout the world to design and use of environmentally benign catalysts. Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly. Because of this, only very small amounts of catalyst are required to alter the reaction rate in principle. In general, chemical reactions occur faster in the presence of a catalyst because the catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy than the non-catalyzed reaction mechanism. Catalysts are classified as homogeneous or heterogeneous [1]...